Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:35Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

==Legal Text==
<br /><center>'''Article 20 - Right to data portability'''</center>

<span id="1">1. The data subject shall have the right to receive the personal data concerning him or her, which he or she has provided to a controller, in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format and have the right to transmit those data to another controller without hindrance from the controller to which the personal data have been provided, where:</span>

::<span id="1a">(a) the processing is based on consent pursuant to point (a) of Article 6(1) or point (a) of Article 9(2) or on a contract pursuant to point (b) of Article 6(1); and</span>

::<span id="1b">(b) the processing is carried out by automated means.</span>

<span id="2">2. In exercising his or her right to data portability pursuant to paragraph 1, the data subject shall have the right to have the personal data transmitted directly from one controller to another, where technically feasible.</span>

<span id="3">3. The exercise of the right referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be without prejudice to Article 17. That right shall not apply to processing necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller.</span>

<span id="4">4. The right referred to in paragraph 1 shall not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others.</span>

==Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/68 GDPR}}{{Recital/73 GDPR}}{{Recital/156 GDPR}}

==Commentary==

The purpose of the right to data portability is to give data subjects more control over their personal data by granting them a certain type of "ownership". Regulators’ objective was to increase competition on the market by allowing for the free movement of data between providers. Data portability is especially relevant in cases when one controller offers a higher level of protection of personal data than another within the same industry sector or across sectors.

The right to data portability complements the right of access ([[Article 15 GDPR]]) by empowering data subjects to receive a copy of their data in a structured, commonly used, and machine-readable format. They can then decide what they want to do with this data, and either store it on their computer, send it to another controller, or send it to a third party. The recipients of this data are not limited to providers that offer similar or comparable services, as the right to portability can be exercised with any controller data subjects choose within the conditions specified below.<blockquote><u>EDPB Guidelines</u>: on this Article, please see [https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-right-data-portability-under-regulation-2016679_en Guidelines on the right to data portability under Regulation 2016/679, WP242 rev.01] and also [https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/right-data-portability_en Right to data portability - WP29]</blockquote>

===(1) Right to Data Portability===

Data subject have the right to request and obtain a copy of any personal data they have provided to the controller. This information must be structured in an accessible and intelligible manner, so that both the data subject themselves and any controllers who may receive it in the future can understand it. Once received, the information can obviously be shared with other data controllers.

==== Material Scope ====
Data subjects may request the transmission of data that concerns them (i.e. not anonymous data) and that they provided to the controller. The data "''provided''" is the data that was actively given to the controller (e.g. photos uploaded to the service) or which was "''observed''" by a controller (e.g. activity logs, food preferences). This definition also includes data that has been transferred to the controller in the context of the exercise of the right to data portability.<ref>''Herbst'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 20 GDPR, margin number 11 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd Edition).</ref> According to certain academics, "''data collected by a device such as a 'quantified self' application that tracks an individual's movements (exercise, sleep etc.) would be within the scope of the right while any insights gleaned on the basis of that information (for example, about the individual's health status or working patterns) would be excluded from the scope of the right''".<ref>''Lynskey'' in Kuner, Bygrave, Docksey, The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary, Article 20 GDPR, p. 503 (Oxford University Press 2020). Along the same lines, the recent EDPB, Guidelines 01/2022 on data subject rights - Right of access, 18 January 2022 (Version 1.0), p. 32 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2022-01/edpb_guidelines_012022_right-of-access_0.pdf here]).</ref>

==== Conditions to Exercise Data Portability ====
The right to data portability only applies if (i) the individual has either consented to the processing or if (ii) the information is processed for the execution of a contract between the data subject and controller<ref>However, according to the WP29, it is a good practice to address portability requests also in such cases that do not explicitly provide for a general right to data portability, i.e. when processing is based on the legitimate interests or for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest. See, WP29, ‘Guidelines on the right to data portability’, 16/EN WP 242 rev.01, 5 April 2017, p. 8 (available [http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=44099 here]).</ref> and, in both cases, (iii) data is processed automatically. For example, data which is only available on paper and manually processed falls out of the scope data portability.

==== Responsibilities of Controllers ====
Controllers that address portability requests ("''sending controllers''") act on behalf of a data subject and are responsible for providing prior information about the right’s existence (e.g. in the privacy notice) and clearly explaining the difference between the right of access and the right to data portability; processing the request without undue delay, within 1 month (up to 3 months); carrying out authentication; setting safeguards to ensure they genuinely act on the data subject’s behalf (e.g. ensure that they transmit the exact type of personal data that the data subject wants to receive); in light of the principles set forth in [[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5(1) GDPR]], ensuring that the data transmitted is accurate and up to date; and, taking all necessary security measures for transmissions.

Data controllers that receive portability requests ("''receiving controllers''") have an obligation to "''clearly and directly''" state the purpose of the new processing before they accept the request in accordance with the transparency requirements set out in [[Article 14 GDPR]]; process the request without undue delay, within 1 month (up to 3 months); ensure that the data they accept is relevant and not excessive for the intended data processing; delete the personal data which are not necessary to achieve the purpose of the new processing as soon as possible. The receiving controllers can decide whether to accept and process data from a portability request.

==== Data Format ====
According to Article 20(1) GDPR the data should be provided to the data subject in a "''structured, commonly used and machine-readable format''". Beyond this requirement, the GDPR does not call for a specific format to be used.

According to Recital 68, the data should be available in an "''interoperable format''", which data controllers "''should be encouraged to develop''". The WP29 defines interoperability as the "''capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units''".<ref>WP29, ‘Guidelines on the right to data portability’, 16/EN WP 242 rev.01, 5 April 2017, 17 (available [http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=44099 here]).</ref>

The Commission has published a Communication on 'ICT Standardisation Priorities for the Digital Single Market', which may be used as a basis on which to develop standards for the purposes of data portability.<ref>EU Commission Communication on ICT Standardisation Priorities for the Digital Single Market (Available [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0176 here]).</ref> The WP29 recommends that data controllers offer several options to the data subject. They suggest, for instance, that data subjects should be offered an opportunity to directly download the data as well as to transmit it directly to another data controller, and that this could be implemented by making an Application Programme Interface ('API') available.

Cormack expresses doubts regarding the viability of this solution, noting that many organisations will hold their data on internal databases that are securely firewalled from internet access as opposed to APis. Without standards leading to interoperability, the right to data portability may "''remain more a declaration of principle than a real and effective tool for individual self-determination in the digital environment''".<ref>''Lynskey'' in Kuner, Bygrave, Docksey, The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary, Article 20 GDPR, p. 505 (Oxford University Press 2020).</ref>

===(2) Right to have Personal Data Directly Transmitted to Another Controller===
Data subjects can also ask the controller to send their personal data directly to another controller, if this is technically feasible. The sending controllers are, however, not responsible for the processing handled by the data subject or by another company receiving personal data. ''"In this respect, the data controller is not responsible for compliance of the receiving data controller with data protection law, considering that it is not the sending data controller that chooses the recipient".''<ref>WP29, ‘Guidelines on the right to data portability’, 16/EN WP 242 rev.01, 5 April 2017, 6 (available [http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=44099 here]).</ref> Data portability is supposed to facilitate the reuse of personal data concerning the data subject provided that the copy of the data should be transmitted in the defined format. Controllers are therefore encouraged to use interoperable formats in order to facilitate such an exchange of personal data between each other. Companies in the same industry may create sector-specific interoperable formats to allow for easier transmissions of personal data (see above).

===(3) Right to Erasure===
The exercise of the right to data portability does not preclude the exercise of any other rights under the GDPR. Thus, if data subjects want to delete their data from the controller's system (right to erasure under [[Article 17 GDPR]]), the controller cannot justify its denial to erase such data because of the data portability request.
===(4) Rights of Third Parties===
The portability request should not include any third party data if there is a likelihood that the new processing will adversely affect the rights and freedoms of the other data subjects. ''"Such an adverse effect would occur, for instance, if the transmission of data from one data controller to another, would prevent third parties from exercising their rights as data subjects under the GDPR."''<ref>WP29, ‘Guidelines on the right to data portability’, 16/EN WP 242 rev.01, 5 April 2017, 11 (available [http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=44099 here]).</ref> The rights and freedoms are unlikely to be adversely affected if the receiving controller processes the data of other data subjects for the same purpose it was processed by the sending controller.

==Decisions==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 20 GDPR]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 20 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18