Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:37Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

==Legal Text==
<br /><center>'''Article 42 - Certification'''</center>

<span id="1">1. The Member States, the supervisory authorities, the Board and the Commission shall encourage, in particular at Union level, the establishment of data protection certification mechanisms and of data protection seals and marks, for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with this Regulation of processing operations by controllers and processors. The specific needs of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises shall be taken into account.</span>

<span id="2">2. In addition to adherence by controllers or processors subject to this Regulation, data protection certification mechanisms, seals or marks approved pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article may be established for the purpose of demonstrating the existence of appropriate safeguards provided by controllers or processors that are not subject to this Regulation pursuant to Article 3 within the framework of personal data transfers to third countries or international organisations under the terms referred to in point (f) of Article 46(2). Such controllers or processors shall make binding and enforceable commitments, via contractual or other legally binding instruments, to apply those appropriate safeguards, including with regard to the rights of data subjects.</span>

<span id="3">3. The certification shall be voluntary and available via a process that is transparent.</span>

<span id="4">4. A certification pursuant to this Article does not reduce the responsibility of the controller or the processor for compliance with this Regulation and is without prejudice to the tasks and powers of the supervisory authorities which are competent pursuant to Article 55 or 56.</span>

<span id="5">5. A certification pursuant to this Article shall be issued by the certification bodies referred to in Article 43 or by the competent supervisory authority, on the basis of criteria approved by that competent supervisory authority pursuant to Article 58(3) or by the Board pursuant to Article 63. Where the criteria are approved by the Board, this may result in a common certification, the European Data Protection Seal.</span>

<span id="6">6. The controller or processor which submits its processing to the certification mechanism shall provide the certification body referred to in Article 43, or where applicable, the competent supervisory authority, with all information and access to its processing activities which are necessary to conduct the certification procedure.</span>

<span id="7">7. Certification shall be issued to a controller or processor for a maximum period of three years and may be renewed, under the same conditions, provided that the relevant requirements continue to be met. Certification shall be withdrawn, as applicable, by the certification bodies referred to in Article 43 or by the competent supervisory authority where the requirements for the certification are not or are no longer met.</span>

<span id="8">8. The Board shall collate all certification mechanisms and data protection seals and marks in a register and shall make them publicly available by any appropriate means.</span>

==Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/100 GDPR}}
{{Recital/119 GDPR}}

==Commentary==
Article 42 GDPR offers a controller or processor the voluntary option to obtain a certification for their processing operations, in order to demonstrate compliance with the GDPR. Certification is thus viewed as an accountability framework, promoting both legal compliance and transparency. However, it is crucial to note that the mere demonstration of compliance within the certification process does not ''equal'' compliance per se: controllers and processors must still comply with the full scope of the GDPR, regardless of whether they have been certified or not. Similarly, certification does not reduce the responsibility which has been allocated to a controller or processor when it comes to their existing legal obligations under the GDPR.

=== (1) Defining Certification Mechanisms, Data Protection Seals, and Marks ===
Article 42(1) GDPR provides that Member States, Data Protection Authorities (DPAs), the European Data Protection Board EDPB) and the European Commission (Commission) shall encourage the “''establishment of data protection certification mechanisms''”. However, there is no definition of what a certification constitutes in the GDPR. Therefore, one can turn to the universal definition provided by the International Standards Organisation (ISO), which defines certification as “''the provision by an independent body of written assurance (a certificate) that the product, service or system in question meets specific requirements.''”<ref>See the website of the ISO under “Certification” (accessed on 17 March 2022); also see EDPB, ‘Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation’, 4 June 2019 (Version 3.0), p. 8 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201801_v3.0_certificationcriteria_annex2_en.pdf here]).</ref>

The EDPB Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation (EDPB Guidelines), adopt the definition found in the ISO Conformity assessment EN-ISO/IEC 17000:2004, and define certification to mean “''third party attestation related to processing operations by controllers and processors''”.<ref>EDPB, ‘Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation’, 4 June 2019 (Version 3.0), p. 8 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201801_v3.0_certificationcriteria_annex2_en.pdf here]).</ref> However, the scope of this definition, and Article 42 GDPR in general, has been critiqued for being limited to the entity that engages in the processing operation.<ref>''Bergt, Pesch'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 42 GDPR, margin number 3a (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd Edition).</ref> While this makes sense insofar as it is the data processing operation itself which is certified (as this is where the personal data is handled), one can also make the argument that the certification mechanism should be extended to entities providing products or services, but not conducting data processing themselves.<ref>''Bergt, Pesch'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 42 GDPR, margin number 3a (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd Edition).</ref>

There is also no definition of “''data protection seals and marks''” to be found in the GDPR. Here, general definitions are to be relied upon as well. What is important to note, however, is that a certificate, seal or mark under the GDPR is only issuable following an independent assessment by a DPA or accredited certification body. This is clear from Article 42(5) GDPR, which details that the criteria through which to assess the controller or processor should be approved pursuant to [[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58(3) GDPR]], or by the EDPB pursuant to [[Article 63 GDPR]]. Where such an approval takes place through the EDPB, this may give rise to a common certification known as the “''European Data Protection Seal''”.<ref>EDPB, ‘Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation’, 4 June 2019 (Version 3.0), p. 8 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201801_v3.0_certificationcriteria_annex2_en.pdf here]).</ref>
=== (2) Demonstrating Safeguards Through Data Protection Certification Mechanisms, Seals or Marks ===
Article 42(2) GDPR also provides that data protection certification mechanisms, seals, or marks approved pursuant to Article 42(5) GDPR can be established for the purpose of demonstrating the existence of appropriate safeguards provided by controllers or processors not subject to the GDPR, in order to allow for personal data transfers to third countries under the terms referred to in Article 46(2)(f) GDPR. One substantial difference between Article 42(1) GDPR and Article 42(2) GDPR is that in the former, the applicant for certification is subject to the GDPR, while in latter, the applicant is not. This entails that the certification body must ensure that an applicant not subject to the GDPR is nonetheless able to be monitored by it for compliance with its certification obligations. This follows from the wording of Article 42(2) GDPR, which specifies that such third-country controllers or processors should make binding and enforceable commitments to apply the safeguards upon which the certification was based on. In short, the certification body must be able to monitor and enforce these commitments.

=== (3-4) Certification as a Voluntary Act that does not Reduce Compliance Obligations ===
Article 42(3) GDPR specifies that the act of certification is voluntary, and that it must be an option that is available to controllers or processors via a process that is transparent. To aid with transparency, certification bodies which approve certification mechanisms, seals or marks, should provide easily accessible information about the certification process which is meaningful and intelligible. It is important to note that there is no obligation under the GDPR to become ‘''certified''’ as a controller or processor, although certification can help demonstrate compliance with the GDPR. However, as Article 42(4) GDPR expressly makes clear, the act of becoming certified does not reduce the responsibility of the controller or processor in complying with the GDPR, and is without prejudice to the task and powers of the competent DPAs pursuant to [[Article 55 GDPR|Articles 55 and 56 GDPR]].

=== (5-6) Certification can be Issued Through a Certification Body or by the Competent Supervisory Authority ===
As expressed in Article 42(5) GDPR, the certification of a processing operation can be done either by the certification bodies referred to in [[Article 43 GDPR]], or by the competent DPA.sIn any case, both must follow the certification criteria which will have previously been approved by the DPA or the EDPB. The fact that a certification was carried out by the certification body or the DPA, does not change much for the controller or processor seeking certification. However, when issuing a certification, the certification body and DPA must take into account the following things.

==== Certification Through a Certification Body ====
A certification body must issue, review, renew and withdraw certifications (Articles 42(5) and 42(7) GDPR) on the basis of the certification criteria approved by the DPA or the EDPB. According to Article 42(7) GDPR, certification can be issued for a maximum period of three years. However, a certification body can also withdraw the certification, if the criteria for the certification are no longer being met. The certification body must provide DPAs with information regarding individual certifications, as this is necessary to monitor how the certification mechanism has been applied (Articles 42(7) GDPR, 43(5), and [[Article 58 GDPR|58(2)(h) GDPR]]).<ref>EDPB, ‘Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation’, 4 June 2019 (Version 3.0), p. 11 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201801_v3.0_certificationcriteria_annex2_en.pdf here]).</ref>

==== Certification Through a Supervisory Authority ====
According to the EDPB, where a DPA is to conduct certification pursuant to Article 42(5) GDPR, it will have to carefully assess its role regarding its assigned tasks under the GDPR. In particular, the separation of powers should be taken into account, to ensure that any conflicts of interest are avoided. The DPA must both ensure that a certification mechanism has been properly set up, and that it has either developed its own, or adopted a, certification criteria. Furthermore, certifications issued by the DPA are to be periodically reviewed (as required by [[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57(1)(o) GDPR]]). The DPA can also withdraw a certification if its requirements are no longer being met, as provided for in [[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58(2)(h) GDPR]].

==== Developing a Certification Criterion ====
In order for processing operations to become certified, they need to be assessed with reference to certification criteria (Article 42(5) GDPR). These criteria must be approved either by the competent DPA, or the EDPB. The development of this certification criteria should focus on “''verifiability, significance, and suitability''” in order to demonstrate compliance with the GDPR. The EDPB also gives guidance on which aspects are to be taken into account when drafting certification criteria. These include: the lawfulness of processing pursuant to [[Article 6 GDPR]]; the principles of data processing pursuant to [[Article 5 GDPR]]; the data subjects’ rights pursuant to [[Article 12 GDPR|Articles 12-23 GDPR]]; the obligation to notify data breaches pursuant to [[Article 33 GDPR]]; the obligation of data protection by design and by default, pursuant to [[Article 25 GDPR]]; whether a data protection impact assessment, pursuant to [[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35(7)(d) GDPR]] has been conducted, if applicable; and the technical and organizational measures put in place pursuant to [[Article 32 GDPR]]. However, these aspects may be given varying weight and consideration, depending on what the scope of the certification is.<ref>EDPB, ‘Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation’, 4 June 2019 (Version 3.0), p. 15 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201801_v3.0_certificationcriteria_annex2_en.pdf here]).</ref>

==== Approving a Certification Criterion ====
When a DPA is responsible for approving the certification criteria, it must do so prior to or during the accreditation process for a certification body. A DPA must not discriminate against any entity, and must ensure that it handles all requests for approval of certification criteria fairly. It must also make its procedure for approval publicly available. Once the certification criteria has been approved by the DPA , a certification body can only issue certification within a Member State in accordance with this criteria. Alternatively, the certification criteria can also be approved by the EDPB (in which case it will generate a European Data Protection Seal). However, the creation and approval of a European Data Protection Seal may prove complicated, and will be subject to continuous change, since an EU-wide mechanism will need to be adaptable to take into account national regulations that may be sector-specific. Once a set of criteriahas been identified as suitable for a common certification, and has also been approved by the EDPB, then certification bodies “''may be accredited to conduct certification under these criteria at Union level''”.<ref>EDPB, ‘Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation’, 4 June 2019 (Version 3.0), p. 12 and 14 (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201801_v3.0_certificationcriteria_annex2_en.pdf here]).</ref>
=== (7-8) What Processing Operations can be Certified Under the GDPR ===
In identifying which processing operations can be certified, the EDPB suggests that three components are considered. These include: (i) The personal data involved; (ii) The technical systems used to process the personal data, and (iii) The processes and procedures related to the processing operations. Each processing operation is to be assessed against the set of certification criteria. It is also important to note that a use case must be provided in order to assess the compliance of the processing operation with the certification criteria. Once a processing operation has been certified, a certification can be issued to a controller or processor for a maximum of three years (Article 42(7) GDPR), and can be renewed if all of the criteria of the certification mechanism have been met. Article 42(8) GDPR requires that the EDPB collate all certification mechanisms and data protection seals and marks in a register, and make them publicly available by any appropriate means. The aim of this exercise is to promote transparency of the certification mechanism.<blockquote><u>EDPB Guidelines:</u> on this article there are [https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-12018-certification-and-identifying_en EDPB Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation - version adopted after public consultation]</blockquote>

==Decisions==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 42 GDPR]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 42 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18