Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:38Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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![[Article 50 GDPR|←]] Article 51 - Supervisory authority [[Article 52 GDPR|→]]
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| style="padding: 20px; background-color:#003399;" |[[File:Gdpricon.png|100px|center|link=Overview_of_GDPR]]
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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

==Legal Text==
<br /><center>'''Article 51 - Supervisory authority'''</center>

<span id="1">1. Each Member State shall provide for one or more independent public authorities to be responsible for monitoring the application of this Regulation, in order to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in relation to processing and to facilitate the free flow of personal data within the Union (‘supervisory authority’).</span>

<span id="2">2. Each supervisory authority shall contribute to</span> <span id="2">the consistent application of this Regulation throughout the Union. For that purpose, the supervisory authorities shall cooperate with each other and the Commission in accordance with Chapter VII.</span>

<span id="3">3. Where more than one supervisory authority is established in a Member State, that Member State shall designate the supervisory authority which is to represent those authorities in the Board and shall set out the mechanism to ensure compliance by the other authorities with the rules relating to the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 63.</span>

<span id="4">4. Each Member State shall notify to the Commission the provisions of its law which it adopts pursuant to this Chapter, by 25 May 2018 and, without delay, any subsequent amendment affecting them.</span>

==Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/117 GDPR}}
{{Recital/118 GDPR}}
{{Recital/119 GDPR}}

==Commentary==
Chapter VI of the GDPR is dedicated to supervisory authorities. Section 1 regulates the establishment of supervisory authorities (SAs) and the requirements that the Member State must enforce to ensure their independence and proper functioning. Section 2 defines the tasks and powers of SAs.

=== (1) Establishment of One or More Competent Authorities ===
Pursuant to Article 51(1) GDPR, each Member State must appoint at least one independent SA. This means that several SAs can co-exist in one Member State due to their constitutional organisation (e.g. see Germany or Spain) or due to the division of competence (''e.g.'' one SA competent for the private sector and another one for the public sector).<ref>See, [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012E%2FTXT Article 16 (2) TFEU] and [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012P%2FTXT#d1e189-393-1 Article 8 (3) CFR].</ref> The SA's main task is to monitor the correct application of the GDPR for the specific purpose of protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. This includes, the right to fair, transparent and lawful data processing as well as the rights of access, rectification, erasure and objection. Protection also extends to all rights and freedoms guaranteed by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union''.''<ref>''Polenz'', in Simitis, Hornung, Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Datenschutzrecht, Article 51 GDPR, margin numbers 11-13 (Nomos 2019).</ref> At the same time, in line with the general objectives of the GDPR (Article 1 GDPR), SAs will also be required to facilitate the free flow of information within the European Union, thus taking into account the requirements of the single market. The role of SAs is therefore twofold: not only protecting personal data as a fundamental right, but also facilitating the free flow of personal data within the Union.<ref>''Schneider'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 51 GDPR, margin number 6 (Beck 2020, 38th edition).</ref>
=== (2) Consistent Application of the GDPR ===
SAs must ''contribute'' to the ''consistent application'' of the GDPR throughout the entire EU.<ref>This is an additional obligation to the primary one linked to the application of the GDPR on the territory of one's own Member State, reflecting a certain “Europeanisation” of the action of independent authorities. See, ''Hijmans'', in Kuner, Bygrave, Docksey, The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary, Article 51 GDPR, p. 869 (Oxford University Press 2020).</ref> The use of the verb “''contribute''” denotes a form of proactive participation specifically aimed at (i) the “''consistent monitoring and enforcement of this Regulation''” and, according to Recital 135, (ii) the uniform application of the law.<ref>Recital 129 GDPR.</ref> Accordingly, SAs are required to identify any problems (e.g. inactivity of a data protection authority [DPA] involved in a collegial decision-making process) and act for its prompt resolution.According to the second sentence of Article 51(2) GDPR, SAs must cooperate with each other and the Commission in accordance with Chapter VII of the GDPR. This is an essential feature of the SAs' action, considered as one of the tools for fostering “contribution” to the consistent application of the GDPR. Article 51(2) GDPR confirms the “''hybrid position of DPAs between the EU and national levels. DPAs are not the only such hybrid bodies within the EU, since many EU agencies and national agencies are similarly positioned. However, the status of DPAs is specific, in view of their complete independence, which excludes any direct or indirect influence by national governments or the Commission''”.<ref>''Hijmans'', in Kuner, Bygrave, Docksey, The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary, Article 51 GDPR, p. 870 (Oxford University Press 2020).</ref>
=== (3) Several SAs are Established in one Member State ===
Where a Member State establishes several SAs, it should establish by law mechanisms for ensuring the effective participation of those SAs in the consistency mechanism. That Member State should in particular designate the SA which functions as a single contact point for the effective participation of those authorities in the mechanism, to ensure swift and smooth cooperation with other SAs, the Board and the Commission (see also Article 68(4) GDPR). Article 51(3) GDPR is particularly relevant for Member States with a federal structure. Germany, for example, consists of 16 Federal States (“''Bundesländer''”) each with its own SA (similar situation in Spain, where there are separate SAs for Catalonia and the Basque Country). Under Article 51(3) GDPR, Member States in this situation must (i) designate which of these authorities represents the Member State in the EDPB<ref>That implies that each member State can only send one representative to the EDPB, as reflected in the Rules of Procedure of the EDPB. See also, Article 4(3) of the EDPB Rules of Procedure (available [https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/edpb/files/files/file1/edpb_rop_version_7_adopted_20201008_en.pdf here]).</ref> and (ii) ensure that all federal SAs accept the procedures and effects of the consistency mechanism.

=== (4) Notification to the Commission ===
Member States should notify the Commission of the measures adopted to create their SAs. Non-compliance with the requirements of the GDPR relating to the establishment of an independent SA can lead to an infringement procedure under [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A12008E258 Article 258 TFEU].

==Decisions==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 51 GDPR]]

==References==
<references />
[[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 51 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18