Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:41Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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![[Article 71 GDPR|←]] Article 72 - Procedure [[Article 73 GDPR|→]]
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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

== Legal Text ==
<br /><center>'''Article 72 - Procedure'''</center>

<span id="1">1. The Board shall take decisions by a simple majority of its members, unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation.</span>

<span id="2">2. The Board shall adopt its own rules of procedure by a two-thirds majority of its members and organise its own operational arrangements.</span>

== Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/72 GDPR}}{{Recital/77 GDPR}}{{Recital/136 GDPR}}{{Recital/139 GDPR}}

== Commentary ==

This provision provides the basic majority modalities for decisions of the EDPB and grants it autonomy in establishing its rules of procedure.

=== (1) Principle of Simple Majority ===
Article 72(1) GDPR establishes the principle that the EDPB shall operate by simple majority. Deviating majority requirements are only permissible insofar as they are provided for in the GDPR. This procedural rule is intended to enable the EDPB to swiftly make a large number of timely decisions to effectively manage the implementation of the GDPR. Unlike in other EU institutions, there are neither blocking minorities nor veto positions. A decision of the “''last member''” does not exist at the EDPB in this respect.<ref>''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 5 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref>

In principle, the majority of the voting members of the EDPB decides; according to the clear wording, the majority of the members ''present'' is not sufficient. The voting members always include the heads of the supervisory authority (“''SA''”) of each Member State (Article 68(3) GDPR). The EDPS is a member, but has only limited voting rights pursuant to Article 68(6) GDPR. In this respect, the minimum number of positive votes required for a decision changes depending on the voting rights of the EDPS. The Commission, however, is never to be taken into account. First, this already follows from the fact that, according to Article 68(3) GDPR, the Commission is not a member of the EDPB. Secondly, Article 68(5) GDPR explicitly states that the Commission has no voting rights. With currently 27 Member States (the three EFTA states that have acceded the EDPB are not entitled to vote), 14 members or, in the case of the EDPS with voting rights, 15 members must vote in favour of a decision.

Notably, each EDPB member is granted one vote regardless of the size of its population. This can create the risk that a majority of smaller members will win a vote despite the fact that they only represent the data protection interests of a small proportion of the European population, despite the fact that decisions affect individuals in all Member States.<ref>''Nguyen'' in Gola, DS-GVO, Article 72 GDPR, margin numbers 1-2 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref> This may arguably threaten the democratic legitimacy of the EDPB’s decisions, and creates the risk that corporations and associations will exert their influence, particularly in smaller Member States where their role in the national economy is crucial. This risk is offset by Article 52(1) GDPR which protects SAs from illegitimate influence.<ref>''Nguyen'' in Gola, DS-GVO, Article 72 GDPR, margin numbers 1-2 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref> The term “''decision''” is to be understood broadly.<ref>''Dix'', in Kühling/Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 5 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition).</ref>

In many places, the GDPR contains provisions (“''leges speciales''”) that explicitly require a simple majority, although the principle of simple majority is already contained in Article 72(1) GDPR. This is superfluous for the EDPB opinion in the consistency mechanism under Article 64(3)(2) GDPR and for the election of the chair and the two deputy chairs under Article 73(1) GDPR. In the case of the latter provision, the wording, which differs from Article 72(1) GDPR, even leads to the sometimes held view that the majority of the members present would be sufficient. This is not the case (see commentary on Article 73 GDPR). In contrast, the emphasis on the requirement of a simple majority for dispute resolution under Article 65(3)(1) GDPR and for consistency decisions in the urgency procedure under Article 66(4) GDPR is necessary, as these are in this respect backward exceptions. The actual scope of application of the principle introduced in Article 72(1) GDPR in this regard extends to the recommendations, guidelines and best practices under Article 70 GDPR (beyond letter (t)).

However, the provision does not apply to decisions – not provided for by the GDPR – which the EDPB introduced for its own organisation within the meaning of Article 72(2) GDPR,<ref>Different view by ''Dix'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 5 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition).</ref> unless this would undermine the principle of simple majority for decisions provided for in the GDPR in the broader sense. In this respect, the special case of Article 65(3)(2) GDPR, i.e. a decision by the chair in the event of a tie, could also be applied to decisions introduced by the EDPB. In practice, however, this question has not yet become virulent. The current rules of procedure only provide for simple majorities, e.g. when dismissing the chair and/or deputy chairs in Article 6(2) Rules of Procedure (“''RoP''”), when holding extraordinary plenary meetings under Article 18(2) RoP, when exceptionally holding a secret ballot under Article 22(4) RoP and when holding a written procedure under Article 24(1) RoP.

In the only two exceptions to the simple majority principle provided for by the GDPR, a two-thirds majority is requiredition Such exceptions exist so far only for dispute resolution in the consistency mechanism under Article 65(2)(1) GDPR and the adoption of the EDPS’s rules of procedure under Article 72(2) GDPR.
=== (2) Rules of Procedure ===
Article 72(2) GDPR grants the EDPB regulatory autonomy. It can and should decide on the introduction, amendment and abolition of rules on internal working practices and conduct.<ref>''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 10 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref> According to the provision, a two-thirds majority of the voting members is required for this – as an exception within the meaning of Article 72(1) GDPR. The GDPR does not contain detailed content requirements for the RoP.

Article 74(2) GDPR only stipulates that the allocation of tasks between the chair and the deputy chairs shall be laid down therein. Furthermore, Article 76(1) GDPR empowers the EDPB to declare discussions confidential in the rules of procedure if the Board deems it necessary. The EDPB is clearly not entitled to establish rules that deviate from the GDPR. Examples are: the specific procedural, cooperation and information provisions of the consistency mechanism under Articles 64 ''et seq.'' GDPR; the essential organisational decisions regarding composition; the election of and representation by the chair; the different limited participation of the Commission and the EDPS; as well as the reporting obligations under Article 71 GDPR.<ref>''Schöndorf-Haubold'', in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 11 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref>

The EDPB first made use of its procedural autonomy when the GDPR came into force on 25 May 2018. The Rules of Procedure (RoP) have been amended several times since then, most recently on 8 October 2020 (7th version). The current version can be found [https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/publication-type/rules-procedure_en here]. The current RoP are divided into eight sections:

1.    Legal nature, tasks and guiding principles of the EDPB (Articles 1 to 3 RoP)

2.    Composition of the EDPB (Articles 4 to 9 RoP)

3.    Adoption of documents and procedure (Articles 10 to 13 RoP)

4.    Secretariat and organisation (Articles 14 to 17 RoP)

5.    Working methods including plenary meetings (Articles 18 to 30 RoP)

6.    General provisions (Articles 31 to 36 RoP)

7.    Coordinated Supervision Committee (Article 37 RoP)

8.    Final provisions (Articles 38 to 39 RoP)

First, some procedural provisions should be highlightedition For example, the EDPB introduced a written and electronic voting procedure with Article 24 RoP. For its implementation, a simple majority decision of the EDPB is required (Article 24(1) RoP). This provision ensures the EDPB's flexibility and ability to act.<ref>''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 14 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref> The EDPB also made use of the authorisation in Article 76(1) GDPR and declared the election of the chair and the deputy chairs confidential in Article 6(1) RoP. In organisational terms, in particular the end of the term of office of the chair and the deputy chairs was regulated, thus filling the corresponding gaps in the GDPR (see commentary on Article 73 GDPR). Furthermore, so-called expert subgroups were introduced by Articles 25 and 26 RoP. These are mainly to prepare the meetings of the EDPB. They consist of members of the Board (i.e. also the EDPS) and are to be supported by staff of the Secretariat (Article 25(4) RoP). Finally, the EDPB has also made use of another power not included in the GDPR. Article 62 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 provides that the EDPS and national SAs shall conduct coordinated supervision to ensure effective supervision of large-scale IT systems and of Union bodies, offices and agencies. To this end, the EDPB's Rules of Procedure provide for the establishment of the coordinated supervision committee in Article 37 RoP. This body is autonomous, which is shown in particular by the fact that it adopts its own rules of procedure under Article 37(3) RoP.<ref>''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 13 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref>

Sometimes, it is argued that the EDPB can also determine details of its operational arrangements on an ad hoc basis by means of separate resolutions. A determination in the rules of procedure would not be necessary if it was not a general determination of procedures for the future. This view is justified by the open wording of Article 72(2) GDPR. The wording also leads to the conclusion that ad hoc decisions on procedures do not require a two-thirds majority.<ref>''Dix'', in Kühling/Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 72 GDPR, margin number 6 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition).</ref> This view is to be agreed with. The organisation of “''operational arrangements''” could be understood as a simple concretisation of the term “''rules of procedure''”.
== Decisions ==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 72 GDPR]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Article 72 GDPR]] [[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 72 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18