Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:41Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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![[Article 72 GDPR|←]] Article 73 - Chair [[Article 74 GDPR|→]]
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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

== Legal Text ==
<br /><center>'''Article 73 - Chair'''</center>

<span id="1">1. The Board shall elect a chair and two deputy chairs from amongst its members by simple majority.</span>

<span id="2">2. The term of office of the Chair and of the deputy chairs shall be five years and be renewable once.</span>

== Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/139 GDPR}}

== Commentary ==
According to this Article 73 ''GDPR'', the EDPB has a Chair and two deputy chairs. The provision also specifies the election modalities. In particular, it stipulates that the majority of EDPB members decides. Finally, the term of office is five years and can be renewed once.

=== (1) Chair, Deputy Chairs and their Election ===
For the role of the Chair, please refer to Articles 68(2) and 74 GDPR and the respective commentaries. The Chair is the representative of the EDPB and is sometimes referred to as the “''mouthpiece of the data protection supervisory authorities in Europe''”.<ref>''Nguyen'', in Gola, DS-GVO, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 1 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition); ''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 2 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref> As was already the case with the Article 29 Working Party (“''WP29''”), two deputy chairs are envisaged for the Board. This has the advantage that three member supervisory authorities (“''SA''”) (or two and the EDPS) can participate in a decisive position of the EDPB. In addition, this makes it possible to share the not inconsiderable workload. After all, at least two members of the Chair always still head their respective Member State SA.<ref>''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 4 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref>

All members of the EDPB are entitled to stand for election. According to Article 68(3) GDPR, these are the heads of the SAs of the Member States (but not the three acceded EFTA countries) and the EDPS. The Commission only has a right to participate in the activities and meetings of the EDPB (Article 68(5)(1) GDPR), but is not a member. The legally possible election of the EDPS as Chair is variously assessed as impracticable. First, this is justified by the limited voting rights under Article 68(6) GPDR. Secondly, the organisational separation between the secretariat and the EDPS according to Article 75(2) and (3) GDPR is pointed out: the independence of the EDPB vis-à-vis the EDPS can be ensured more easily if the EDPS, who ultimately provides the secretariat according to Article 75(1) GDPR, does not also chair the EDPB. Otherwise, the EDPS, as Chair of the EDPB, would have to conclude an agreement under Article 75(4) GDPR as an “''in-itself transaction''”.<ref>''Dix'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 5 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition); agreeing ''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 9 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref> The active right to vote corresponds to the passive suffrage, i.e. that all members of the EDPB (but not the three acceded EFTA states) can vote.

The requirements for the “''simple majority''” are congruent with those from Article 72(1) GDPR.<ref>''Brink, Wilhelm'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 12 (C.H. Beck 2020, 36th edition); ''Körffer'', in Paal/Pauly, DS-GVO, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 2 (C.H. Beck 2021, 3rd edition); ''Schiedermair'', in Simitis/Hornung/Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Datenschutzrecht, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 3 (C.H. Beck 2019, 1st edition).</ref> Another view, according to which only the majority of the votes cast should be decisive here as an exception,<ref>''Nguyen'', in Gola, DS-GVO, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 2 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition); ''Dix'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 5 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition); ''Regenhardt'', in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 6 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref> must be rejectedition In support of this view, it is argued that the deviating majority requirement is intended to prevent the potential inability of the body to act if several members do not attend the election.<ref>''Nguyen'', in Gola, DS-GVO, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 2 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref>

However, this problem does not specifically arise for the election of the Chair, but also for other decisions under the GDPR. In particular, the EDPB would be practically incapable of acting without rules of procedure. For their adoption, a two-thirds majority is required Moreover, it is not apparent why the principle laid down in Article 72(1) GDPR should be deviated from. The omission of the addition of “''its members''” after “''simple majority''” seems to be a drafting error. This can be explained by the fact that “''from amongst its members''” already precedes “''by simple majority''”, so that the addition of “''of its members''” may have seemed redundant at first glance. The fact that Article 73(1) GDPR regulates majority requirements at all is not an indication of an intended derogation from Article 72(1) GDPR. Admittedly, the majority principle of Article 72(1) GDPR would have applied anyway without the majority provision in Article 73(1) GDPR. However, the GDPR also explicitly requires a “''simple majority''” (in the sense of Article 72(1) GDPR) elsewhere, namely in the case of the opinion in the consistency mechanism under Article 64(3)(2) GDPR (cf. commentary on Article 72 GDPR).

Furthermore, the view of the authors cited above is based on the understanding of the term “''simple majority''” under German constitutional law, which interprets the term as “''majority of the members present''”. In contrast, there is no uniform Union law understanding of this term, and only this understanding is relevant here. In addition, a historical argument applies: The Chair and deputy chairs of the WP29 were also elected with a simple majority in the sense of Article 72(1) GDPR. It is unclear why this should now be deviated from without comment. This is all the more true in view of the fact that the Chair of the EDPB is vested with broader powers than the Chair of the predecessor institution. In particular, the EDPB Chair is authorised to make a casting vote in accordance with Article 65(3) GDPR.<ref>''Regenhardt'', in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 6 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref> In this respect, their election would require a higher level of democratic legitimacy rather than a lower one. Furthermore, the GDPR does not contain any provisions on a quorum of the EDPB. In fact, according to the view to be rejected, an election of the Chair by only one member would thus be possible, which cannot be intendedition Finally, the EDPB has also endorsed the view expressed here with the introduction of (declaratory) Article 5(1) Rules of Procedure (“''RoP''”). The election of the Chair and the deputy chairs shall be by secret ballot. This is stipulated in Article 5(1) RoP in exercise of the explicit authorisation in Article 76(1) GDPR.

=== (2) Term of Office ===
Article 73(2) GDPR stipulates that a term of office is five years, with the possibility of renewal once. In total, elected persons can thus hold office for a maximum period of ten years. The limited term of office not only ensures that the Chair itself rotates, but also that the representation of the Member States holding important offices change regularly.<ref>''Regenhardt'', in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 8 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2nd edition).</ref> The entire GDPR contains only one (indirect) provision on the termination of the Chair/deputy chairs, namely by expiry of the term of office in Article 73(2) GDPR. The EDPB has made use of its rules of procedure autonomy and has also laid down three further termination variants in Article 6(1) RoP: (1) the end of the term of office at the SA; (2) resignation; (3) dismissal pursuant to Article 6(2) RoP. In this context, the term “SA” refers to both the national SAs and the EDPS, whose mandate under Article 42 of Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 may end in particular at the end of a (renewable) five-year term.<ref>''Dix'', in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Article 73 GDPR, margin number 6 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition).</ref> According to Article 6(2) of the RoP, the dismissal of the Chair or a deputy chair can be made by a resolution passed by a simple majority of the EDPB members.
== Decisions ==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 73 GDPR]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Article 73 GDPR]] [[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 73 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18