Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:42Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" overflow:auto;" style="border-width: 0px">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

== Legal Text ==
<br /><center>'''Article 80 - Representation of data subjects'''</center>

1. The data subject shall have the right to mandate a not-for-profit body, organisation or association which has been properly constituted in accordance with the law of a Member State, has statutory objectives which are in the public interest, and is active in the field of the protection of data subjects’ rights and freedoms with regard to the protection of their personal data to lodge the complaint on his or her behalf, to exercise the rights referred to in Articles 77, 78 and 79 on his or her behalf, and to exercise the right to receive compensation referred to in Article 82 on his or her behalf where provided for by Member State law.

2. Member States may provide that any body, organisation or association referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, independently of a data subject’s mandate, has the right to lodge, in that Member State, a complaint with the supervisory authority which is competent pursuant to Article 77 and to exercise the rights referred to in Articles 78 and 79 if it considers that the rights of a data subject under this Regulation have been infringed as a result of the processing.

== Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/142 GDPR}}

== Commentary ==
Article 80 GDPR contains rules on the powers of not-for-profit entities (NPOs) active in the field of the protection of data subjects’ rights and freedoms with regard to the GDPR. Article 80(1) GDPR grants data subjects a subjective right to mandate NPOs to lodge complaints under Article 77 GDPR, file judicial remedies under Articles 78 and 79 GDPR as well as claim damages under Article 82 GDPR on their behalf. Article 80(2) GDPR also contains an opening clause: Where provided for by Member State law, an NPO has the right to lodge complaints under Article 77 GDPR or to file judicial remedies under Articles 78 and 79 GDPR independently of a data subject’s mandate if the NPO considers that data protection violations have occurred as a result of the processing.

=== (1) Representation of Data Subjects ===
The data subject shall have the right to mandate a not-for-profit body, organisation or association to lodge the complaint on their behalf, to exercise the rights referred to in Articles 77, 78 and 79 GDPR and to exercise the right to receive compensation referred to in Article 82 GDPR where provided for by Member State law. The NPO acting on behalf of the data subject (Article 80(1) GDPR) or, if possible, on its own accord (Article 80(2) GDPR) must be (i) a not-for-profit body, organisation or association (ii) properly constituted in accordance with the law of a Member State, (iii) have statutory objectives which are in the public interest, and (iv) must be active in the field of the protection of data subjects’ rights and freedoms with regard to the protection of their personal data. The term “''body, organisation or association''” encompasses only legal persons independent of their legal form under Member State law, but not natural persons.<ref>''Karg'' in Wolff, Brink, BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 10 (C.H. Beck 2021, 36<sup>th</sup> edition).</ref> The NPO can be organised under public law of a Member State (such as national chambers of labour or consumer protection organisations foreseen by statutory law) or under civil law (such as private associations).<ref>''Moos, Schefzig'' in Taeger, Gabel, DSGVO – BDSG, Article 80 GDPR margin number 7 (Deutscher Fachverlag 2019, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref> It is not required that the NPO is exclusively active in the field of data protection but it must at least be active in the public interest with a connection to data protection.<ref>''Karg'' in Wolff, Brink, BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 11 (C.H. Beck 2021, 36<sup>th</sup> edition); ''Moos, Schefzig'' in Taeger, Gabel, DSGVO – BDSG, Article 80 GDPR margin number 10 (Deutscher Fachverlag 2019, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref> This includes for example consumer protection organisations,<ref>See the Austrian Supreme Court’s request for the CJEU’s preliminary ruling regarding the legal relationship between Article 80 GDPR and national law granting consumer protection organisations the power to bring abstract lawsuits.</ref> workers unions or chambers of labour but excludes entities pursuing commercial interests.<ref>''Moos, Schefzig'' in Taeger, Gabel, DSGVO – BDSG, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 6 (Deutscher Fachverlag 2019, 3rd edition).</ref>

==== Representation of a Data Subject under Articles 77, 78 and 79 GDPR ====
Under Article 80(1) first case GDPR, the data subject has the right to mandate a NPO that fulfils the requirements described above with the following tasks.

First, the data subject can task the NPO with lodging a complaint under Article 77(1) GDPR on behalf of the data subject and representing the them before all supervisory authorities (“''SA''”) (Article 4(21) GDPR) involved the further course of the proceedings.<ref>The wording of Article 80(1) GDPR differentiates between “''lodging a complaint on behalf of the data subject''” and “''exercising the right referred to in Article 77 GDPR''”. As the right to lodge a complaint is the only right exercisable under Article 77 GDPR, this differentiation is redundant; see ''Moos, Schefzig'' in Taeger, Gabel, DSGVO – BDSG, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 12 (Deutscher Fachverlag 2019, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref> Second, the NPO can be tasked with filing a legal remedy under Article 78(1) GDPR against a legally binding SA decision concerning the data subject. Third, the NPO can file a legal remedy under Article 78(2) GDPR for the data subject where the SA competent under Articles 55 and 56 GDPR does not handle a complaint or does not inform the data subject within three months on the progress or outcome of the complaint lodged pursuant to Article 77 GDPR. Last, the NPO may file a legal remedy under Article 79 GDPR against a controller or processor regarding a GDPR infringement.

Article 80(1) GDPR directly provides for these rights to mandate a NPO, without the necessity of an implementation in Member State law.<ref>See for example ''Fuster'' in Kuner et al., The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Article 80 GDPR, p. 1148 (Oxford University Press 2020); ''Kreße'' in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzverordnung, Artikel 80 GDPR, margin number 11 (Nomos 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition); ''Moos, Schefzig'' in Taeger, Gabel, DSGVO – BDSG, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 13 (Deutscher Fachverlag 2019, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition); ''Werkmeister'' in Gola, Datenschutz-Grundverordnung, Artikel 80 GDPR, margin number 9 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition); the only German legal scholars disagreeing seem to be ''Nemitz'' in Ehmann, Selmayr, DS-GVO, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 9 (C.H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition) and ''Karg'' in Wolff, Brink, BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 8 (C.H. Beck 2021, 36<sup>th</sup> edition). The latter take the view that Article 80(1) GDPR shall apply only if and to the extent that Member State law provides that natural persons may be represented by organisations.</ref> As recital 142 GDPR clarifies, the words “''where provided for by Member State law''” only refer to exercising the right to receive compensation referred to in Article 82 GDPR.<ref>Recital 142 GDPR: "[…] ''to lodge a complaint on his or her behalf with a supervisory authority, exercise the right to a judicial remedy on behalf of data subjects or, if provided for in Member State law, exercise the right to receive compensation on behalf of data subjects''.”</ref> The legislative history of Article 80 GDPR further supports this interpretation. The right to mandate a NPO with exercising the right to compensation under Article 82 GDPR was not part of the initial draft of Article 80 GDPR (then Article 73) but only inserted by the European Parliament. Later – during the negotiations – the right to mandate NPOs with exercising the right to compensation was made subject to an opening clause.<ref>''Boehm'' in Simitis, Hornung, Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Datenschutzrecht, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 5 (C.H. Beck 2019); ''Bergt'' in Kühling, Buchner, DS-GVO BDSG, Artikel 80 GDPR, margin number 4 (C.H. Beck 2020, 3rd edition).</ref>

==== Representation of a Data Subject to Claim Damages under Article 82 GDPR where Provided for by Member State law ====
Where foreseen by Member State law, a NPO can exercise the right to receive compensation under Article 82 GDPR on behalf of a data subject. Details of the rules on representation in damages proceedings are left to the Member States.<ref>''Boehm'' in Simitis. Hornung, Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Datenschutzrecht, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 11 (C.H. Beck 2019).</ref> Even where the Member State has not made use of the opening clause in Article 80(1) second case GDPR, claims for damages can be assigned to the NPO if such assignment is possible under civil law of the Member State. In such cases, the NPO would not represent the data subject but claim the assigned damages on its own behalf and forward any compensations received through the court proceedings to the data subject. The Collective Redress Directive<ref>Collective Redress Directive (EU) 2020/1828.</ref> foresees that qualified non-profit entities<ref>See, Articles 3(4) and 4 Collective Redress Directive (EU) 2020/1828.</ref> shall be entitled to bring representative actions on behalf of consumers for certain infringements of EU law. According to Article 2 and Annex 1(53) of the Collective Redress Directive, this includes GDPR infringements. Depending on the respective national implementation of the Collective Redress Directive, Article 80(1) second case GDPR might become somewhat redundant, as Member States would have to entitle NPOs to represent data subjects in connection with claims for compensation under Article 82 GDPR.

=== (2) Abstract Complaints and Lawsuits Where Provided for by Member State Law ===
According to the opening clause in Article 80(2) GDPR, Member States may enable NPOs to (i) file complaints under Article 77 GDPR, (ii) bring legal proceedings under Article 78 GDPR against a SA and (iii) bring legal proceedings against controllers or processors under Article 79 GDPR, independent of the mandate of a specific data subject. As the last sentence of Recital 142 GDPR clarifies, this does not extend to Article 82 GDPR. Thus, a NPO may not be allowed by Member State law to claim compensation on a data subject’s behalf independently of the data subject’s mandate.

Article 80(2) GDPR does not permit Member States to allow NPOs to take legal actions against ''any'' kind of GDPR infringement. The wording of Article 80(2) GDPR specifically requires that the NPO “[…] ''considers that the rights of a data subject under this Regulation have been infringed as a result of the processing''.” Hence, Member States may only provide for the NPO’s right to lodge complaints/bring legal proceedings with regard to GDPR provisions that grant subjective rights to data subjects (see [[Article 77 GDPR|commentary on Article 77 GDPR “Alleged Infringement”]] and [[Article 79 GDPR|commentary on Article 79 GDPR “Processing in non-compliance with the GDPR and infringement of the plaintiff’s rights under the GDPR”]] for the scope of enforceable subjective rights under the GDPR).<ref>See ''Moos, Schefzig'' in Taeger, Gabel, DSGVO – BDSG, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 22 (Deutscher Fachverlag 2019, 3rd edition); ''Boehm'' in Simitis, Hornung, Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Datenschutzrecht, Article 80 GDPR, margin numbers 14, 15 (C.H. Beck 2019); ''Kreße'' in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzverordnung, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 13 (Nomos 2018, 2nd edition); ''Frenzel'' in Paal, Pauly, Datenschutz-Grundverordnung Bundesdatenschutzgesetz, Article 80 GDPR, margin number 11 (C.H. Beck 2021, 3th edition).</ref>

However, this does not mean that a SA or court would need to assess if a ''specific'' data subject’s right under the GDPR has been violated. Rather it must be assessed on an abstract level, if ''any'' data subjects’ GDPR rights could have been violated by the processing activity in question.<ref>''Boehm'' in Simitis, Hornung, Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Datenschutzrecht, Article 80 GDPR, margin numbers 13, 15 (C.H. Beck 2019).</ref>

== Decisions ==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 80 GDPR]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 80 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18