Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

2023-04-18T15:01:44Z

1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18

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![[Article 94 GDPR|←]] Article 95 - Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC [[Article 96 GDPR|→]]
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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 1: General provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 1 GDPR|Article 1: Subject-matter and objectives]]<br />
[[Article 2 GDPR|Article 2: Material scope]]<br />
[[Article 3 GDPR|Article 3: Territorial scope]]<br />
[[Article 4 GDPR|Article 4: Definitions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 2: Principles</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 5 GDPR|Article 5: Principles relating to processing of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6: Lawfulness of processing]]<br />
[[Article 7 GDPR|Article 7: Conditions for consent]]<br />
[[Article 8 GDPR|Article 8: Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services]]<br />
[[Article 9 GDPR|Article 9: Processing of special categories of personal data]]<br />
[[Article 10 GDPR|Article 10: Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences]]<br />
[[Article 11 GDPR|Article 11: Processing which does not require identification]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 3: Rights of the data subject</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 12 GDPR|Article 12: Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 13 GDPR|Article 13: Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 14 GDPR|Article 14: Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 15 GDPR|Article 15: Right of access by the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 16 GDPR|Article 16: Right to rectification]]<br />
[[Article 17 GDPR|Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)]]<br />
[[Article 18 GDPR|Article 18: Right to restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 19 GDPR|Article 19: Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing]]<br />
[[Article 20 GDPR|Article 20: Right to data portability]]<br />
[[Article 21 GDPR|Article 21: Right to object]]<br />
[[Article 22 GDPR|Article 22: Automated individual decision-making, including profiling]]<br />
[[Article 23 GDPR|Article 23: Restrictions]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 4: Controller and processor</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 24 GDPR|Article 24: Responsibility of the controller]]<br />
[[Article 25 GDPR|Article 25: Data protection by design and by default]]<br />
[[Article 26 GDPR|Article 26: Joint controllers]]<br />
[[Article 27 GDPR|Article 27: Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union]]<br />
[[Article 28 GDPR|Article 28: Processor]]<br />
[[Article 29 GDPR|Article 29: Processing under the authority of the controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 30 GDPR|Article 30: Records of processing activities]]<br />
[[Article 31 GDPR|Article 31: Cooperation with the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 32 GDPR|Article 32: Security of processing]]<br />
[[Article 33 GDPR|Article 33: Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 34 GDPR|Article 34: Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject]]<br />
[[Article 35 GDPR|Article 35: Data protection impact assessment]]<br />
[[Article 36 GDPR|Article 36: Prior consultation]]<br />
[[Article 37 GDPR|Article 37: Designation of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 38 GDPR|Article 38: Position of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 39 GDPR|Article 39: Tasks of the data protection officer]]<br />
[[Article 40 GDPR|Article 40: Codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 41 GDPR|Article 41: Monitoring of approved codes of conduct]]<br />
[[Article 42 GDPR|Article 42: Certification]]<br />
[[Article 43 GDPR|Article 43: Certification bodies]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 5: Transfers of personal data</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 44 GDPR|Article 44: General principle for transfers]]<br />
[[Article 45 GDPR|Article 45: Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision]]<br />
[[Article 46 GDPR|Article 46: Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards]]<br />
[[Article 47 GDPR|Article 47: Binding corporate rules]]<br />
[[Article 48 GDPR|Article 48: Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law]]<br />
[[Article 49 GDPR|Article 49: Derogations for specific situations]]<br />
[[Article 50 GDPR|Article 50: International cooperation for the protection of personal data]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 6: Supervisory authorities</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 51 GDPR|Article 51: Supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 52 GDPR|Article 52: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 53 GDPR|Article 53: General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 54 GDPR|Article 54: Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 55 GDPR|Article 55: Competence]]<br />
[[Article 56 GDPR|Article 56: Competence of the lead supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 57 GDPR|Article 57: Tasks]]<br />
[[Article 58 GDPR|Article 58: Powers]]<br />
[[Article 59 GDPR|Article 59: Activity reports]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 7: Cooperation and consistency</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 60 GDPR|Article 60: Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned]]<br />
[[Article 61 GDPR|Article 61: Mutual assistance]]<br />
[[Article 62 GDPR|Article 62: Joint operations of supervisory authorities]]<br />
[[Article 63 GDPR|Article 63: Consistency mechanism]]<br />
[[Article 64 GDPR|Article 64: Opinion of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 65 GDPR|Article 65: Dispute resolution by the Board]]<br />
[[Article 66 GDPR|Article 66: Urgency procedure]]<br />
[[Article 67 GDPR|Article 67: Exchange of information]]<br />
[[Article 68 GDPR|Article 68: European Data Protection Board]]<br />
[[Article 69 GDPR|Article 69: Independence]]<br />
[[Article 70 GDPR|Article 70: Tasks of the Board]]<br />
[[Article 71 GDPR|Article 71: Reports]]<br />
[[Article 72 GDPR|Article 72: Procedure]]<br />
[[Article 73 GDPR|Article 73: Chair]]<br />
[[Article 74 GDPR|Article 74: Tasks of the Chair]]<br />
[[Article 75 GDPR|Article 75: Secretariat]]<br />
[[Article 76 GDPR|Article 76: Confidentiality]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 77 GDPR|Article 77: Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 78 GDPR|Article 78: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority]]<br />
[[Article 79 GDPR|Article 79: Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor]]<br />
[[Article 80 GDPR|Article 80: Representation of data subjects]]<br />
[[Article 81 GDPR|Article 81: Suspension of proceedings]]<br />
[[Article 82 GDPR|Article 82: Right to compensation and liability]]<br />
[[Article 83 GDPR|Article 83: General conditions for imposing administrative fines]]<br />
[[Article 84 GDPR|Article 84: Penalties]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 9: Specific processing situations</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 85 GDPR|Article 85: Processing and freedom of expression and information]]<br />
[[Article 86 GDPR|Article 86: Processing and public access to official documents]]<br />
[[Article 87 GDPR|Article 87: Processing of the national identification number]]<br />
[[Article 88 GDPR|Article 88: Processing in the context of employment]]<br />
[[Article 89 GDPR|Article 89: Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes]]<br />
[[Article 90 GDPR|Article 90: Obligations of secrecy]]<br />
[[Article 91 GDPR|Article 91: Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 10: Delegated and implementing acts</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 92 GDPR|Article 92: Exercise of the delegation]]<br />
[[Article 93 GDPR|Article 93: Committee procedure]]<br />
</small>
</div></div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible" style="border-width: 0px" overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Chapter 11: Final provisions</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<small>
[[Article 94 GDPR|Article 94: Repeal of Directive 95: /46: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 95 GDPR|Article 95: Relationship with Directive 20: 02: /58: /EC]]<br />
[[Article 96 GDPR|Article 96: Relationship with previously concluded Agreements]]<br />
[[Article 97 GDPR|Article 97: Commission reports]]<br />
[[Article 98 GDPR|Article 98: Review of other Union legal acts on data protection]]<br />
[[Article 99 GDPR|Article 99: Entry into force and application]]<br />
</small>
</div>
</div>
|}

==Legal Text==
<br /><center>'''Article 95 - Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC'''</center>

This Regulation shall not impose additional obligations on natural or legal persons in relation to processing in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services in public communication networks in the Union in relation to matters for which they are subject to specific obligations with the same objective set out in Directive 2002/58/EC.

==Relevant Recitals==
{{Recital/173 GDPR}}

==Commentary==
Article 95 GDPR regulates the relationship between the GDPR and Directive 2002/58/EC (the ‘e-Privacy Directive’ or ‘EPD’), which contains rules on the privacy and confidentiality of electronic communications. According to this provision, the GDPR should not impose additional obligations on natural or legal persons - in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communication services in public communication networks - who are already subject to specific obligations with the same objective under the EPD.

==== Lex Specialis ====
Article 95 appears to follow the ''lex specialis'' rule of interpretation, whereby a specific law overrides a more general law when regulating the same set of facts. On the one hand, the application of this principle to both laws is simple: the EPD ''specifically'' governs electronic communications, and therefore supersedes the GDPR, which contains more general provisions on data processing.<ref>''Kühling, Raab'', in Kühling, Buchner, GVO BDSG, Article 95 GDPR, margin numbers 1-3b (C. H. Beck 2020, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref> On the other hand, it should be noted that in some ways, the EPD is ''not'' more specific than the GDPR. For example, whilst the GDPR only protects natural persons in relation to the processing of their personal data, the EPD also protects the legitimate interests of legal persons.<ref>''Gernot, Sydow,'' in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 2,5 (C. H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition).</ref> Moreover, whilst the GDPR specifically protects personal data in accordance with Article 8 of the Charter, the EPD more broadly protects the privacy and confidentiality of electronic communications, in line with Article 7 of the Charter. In this way, as ''Kühling'' and ''Raab'' note, ''“the challenge in each case is to check whether the special provisions of'' [the] ''Directive'' [if any, n.e.] ''actually supersede the general rules of the GDPR.”''<ref>''Kühling, Raab'', in Kühling, Buchner, GVO BDSG, Article 95 GDPR, margin numbers 1-3b (C. H. Beck 2020, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref>

==== Natural or Legal Persons ====
Article 95 GDPR specifies that additional obligations must not be placed on natural or legal persons. This reflects the scope of the EPD, which in turn stems from Article 7 of the Charter. In particular, the case law of the CJEU has established that professional persons’ legal activities should not be excluded from the protection afforded by Article 7 of the Charter.<ref>''Olive'', in Kuner et al., The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Article 68 GDPR, p. 1297 (Oxford University Press 2020).</ref>

==== Publicly Available Electronic Communication Service ====
TThe processing subject to Article 95 GDPR must be connected to the provision of a ‘publicly available electronic communications service.’ The CJEU had previously ruled that a service may only be classified as an electronic communication service where it is responsible for the transmission of the signal over the communication network to the user.<ref>''Kühling, Raab'', in Kühling, Buchner, GVO BDSG, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 2 (C. H. Beck 2020, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition) citing CJEU, C-193/18, ''Google LLC v Bundesrepublik Deutschland'', 13 June 2019 (available [https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&num=C-193/18 here]), and CJEU, C-142/18, ''Skype Communications SRL'', 5 June 2019 (available [https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=214741&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=5169081 here]).</ref> Whilst this will be the case for classic telecommunications services, it will not for those which operate on the open internet. However, under the the European Electronic Communications Code (EECC), this is no longer a requirement. The EECC creates a distinct category of electronic communication services known as ‘interpersonal communication services.’ According to ''Kuhling'' and ''Raab'', this category is “''clearly tailored to internet communication services”'' such as Whatsapp and Skype. Notably, under Article 2(5) EECC, a service will not qualify as an electronic communication service where the communication function is merely ancillary.<ref>''Kühling, Raab'', in Kühling, Buchner, GVO BDSG, Article 95 GDPR, margin numbers 1-3b (C. H. Beck 2020, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref>

==== Public Communications Networks ====
The electronic communication service must also be provided in a ‘public communications network’. Neither the EPD nor the GDPR provide for a definition of a ‘public communications network.’ The EECC outlines that an electronic communications network is public, where it is ''“wholly or mainly used to provide publicly accessible electronic communication services that enable the transmission of information between network termination points.”'' Therefore, a public communications network would not cover a closed company communications network, whereby employees only interact with each other.<ref>''Karg'' in Wolff, Brink, BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 6 (C. H. Beck 2021, 36th edition); ''Kühling, Raab'', in Kühling, Buchner, GVO BDSG, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 3b (C. H. Beck 2020, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition); ''Holländer'', in BeckOK DatenschutzR, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 4 (C. H. Beck 2020, 36th edition).</ref> In such a situation, Article 95 GDPR will not be relevant, and the GDPR applies as normal. Notably, Recital 173 GDPR, which relates to Article 95 GDPR, omits reference to ‘publicly accessible electronic communication services in public communication networks’, stating only that the GDPR should apply to matters which are not subject to specific obligations with the same objective under the EPD. Article 95 GDPR’s explicit reference to ‘publicly accessible electronic communication services in public communication networks’ in this context can cause problems of interpretation. Namely, the question arises as to what data protection obligations ''do not'' involve the provision of publicly accessible electronic services in public communications networks.<ref>''Piltz,'' in Gola, Datenschutz-Grund-verordnung, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 5 (C. H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition).</ref> A key example is Article 5(3) EPD, which regulates the placement of cookies and other similar tracking technologies. Rather than applying only to publicly accessible electronic communications services, Article 5(3) EPD applies to any entity that places cookies or other code on a user’s device. Services may therefore be subject to additional obligations under the GDPR in this instance.<ref>''Piltz,'' in Gola, Datenschutz-Grund-verordnung, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 5 (C. H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition).</ref>

==== Specific Obligations with the Same Objectives ====
In order not to be subject to additional obligations under the GDPR, processing must be related to matters which are subject to specific obligations with the same objective set out in the EPD. For example, Article 4(1)(a) EPD requires service providers to put in place measures to ensure the protection of personal data, and Article 4(3) GDPR requires service providers to notify the relevant authority where a data breach occurs. In line with Article 95 GDPR, since these objectives are mirrored in the GDPR, it will therefore not impose additional obligations on service providers.<ref>''Olive'', in Kuner et al., The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Article 68 GDPR, p. 1298 (Oxford University Press 2020).</ref> In contrast, where the EPD does not contain comparative provisions, additional obligations under the GDPR will apply. For example, the EPD contains no provisions with regard to data subject rights (Chapter III GDPR), nor consent (Article 7 GDPR).<ref>''Gernot, Sydow,'' in Sydow, Europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 5 (C. H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition); ''Piltz,'' in Gola, Datenschutz-Grund-verordnung, Article 95 GDPR, margin number 6 (C. H. Beck 2018, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition).</ref>

==== The e-Privacy Regulation Proposal ====
Under Recital 173 GDPR, once the GDPR is adopted, the EPD should be reviewed in order to ensure consistency with the it. The Commission adopted a proposal for the EPD on 19 January 2017.<ref>European Commission, Proposal for a Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications (available [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52017PC0010 here]).</ref>

==Decisions==
→ You can find all related decisions in [[:Category:Article 95 GDPR]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Article 95 GDPR]]
[[Category:GDPR Articles]]

Article 95 GDPR - Revision history

Bodobalazs: 1 revision imported: GDPRHUB import 2023 04 18