|
|
| Line 14: |
Line 14: |
|
| |
|
| [https://wiki.ivir.nl/index.php?title=Social-Media_Governance_in_the_EU_-_by_Sergey_Abramov Social-Media Governance - by Sergey Abramov] | | [https://wiki.ivir.nl/index.php?title=Social-Media_Governance_in_the_EU_-_by_Sergey_Abramov Social-Media Governance - by Sergey Abramov] |
|
| |
| = [[Predicitive Policing - Europol (Atmika)]] =
| |
| == 1. European Police Office (Europol)(1) ==
| |
|
| |
| *Europol was established in 1998 through the Europol Convention and is currently regulated by the consolidated Europol Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/794)(1).
| |
| *Europol derives it’s authority from Article 88 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), prescribing for its body to be governed by a regulation and to be adopted jointly with national parliaments of Member States, in accordance with ordinary legislative procedure.
| |
| *Europol strives to protect and prevent organised cross-border crimes against EU citizens to facilitate intelligence cooperation between Member States to ensure internal security.
| |
| *Weakness: Role majorily outlined for information consolidation and empowering Member State Parliament.
| |
| <br>
| |
| == 2. European Parliament (Member States) & EU market ==
| |
|
| |
| *Granted self-identity and sovereignty through their own national enactments and read with Article 114 TFEU grants authority to Parliaments of Member States and the Council to enact rules and regulations in the interest of internal market harmonisation.
| |
| *The EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) (2), currently the only regulation for AI use and ensuring ethical practices are followed due to the nature of data shared and unreliable training model - profiling system.
| |
| *Ensure economic growth while also safeguarding fundamental rights of its citizens while cooperating within the internal market.
| |
| *Weakness: Lack of coordination, and implementation standards which can result in different rates and quality of transposition
| |
|
| |
| == 3. Palantir Technologies (Private entity)(3) ==
| |
|
| |
| *Self-determined and incorporated in the United States. Deriving authority from contracts with EU entities to provide AI services.
| |
| *Governed by principles laid out in the contract, but supersedingly by United States’ legal framework by way of establishment.
| |
| *Outsourced software building for data, decision and operation - notably in the national security, policing and advisory services for health care and national safety increasingly between EU states.
| |
| *Weakness: Unregulated access and processing of national data in light of the United States’ surveillance policy makes for data and infrastructural vulnerability in the EU.
| |
| <br><p>Notes & references:</p>
| |
|
| |
| <br>
| |
| #Söderholm, S. (2023). Fundamental rights control when implementing predictive policing–a European perspective. Peking University law journal, 11(1), 91-104.
| |
| #Regulation (EU) 2016/794 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) and replacing and repealing Council Decisions 2009/371/JHA, 2009/934/JHA, 2009/935/JHA, 2009/936/JHA and 2009/968/JHA (OJ L 135, 24.5.2016, pp. 53–114).
| |
| #Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act)
| |
| #https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-wants-to-kick-its-palantir-habit/
| |
| #Meško, G. (2026). Modern Policing and Technology—European Perspectives—A Brief Reflection. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 1(aop), 1-11.
| |
|
| |
| == [[App Store Governance - Google Play (Paul)]]`` == | | == [[App Store Governance - Google Play (Paul)]]`` == |
| == [[Representative Search Engine and AI Company in China, Baidu - By Jihae Park]] == | | == [[Representative Search Engine and AI Company in China, Baidu - By Jihae Park]] == |
| Line 50: |
Line 19: |
|
| |
|
| = [[Quantum Computing made in Barcelona: Qilimanjaro - by Mariona Fortuny Jané]] = | | = [[Quantum Computing made in Barcelona: Qilimanjaro - by Mariona Fortuny Jané]] = |
| </div>
| | |
| <div></div> | | <div></div> |