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09:1909:19, 14 October 2026 Data:China (hist | edit) [17,205 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "text to be added")

23:5423:54, 10 October 2026 Infrastructures:China (hist | edit) [20,420 bytes] Latorre Tallard Pablo (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>'''Words: 2306'''<br></p><div><p><br></p></div><div> == '''Introduction''' == </div><div><p style="text-align: justify;" ><span style="font-size: 14.4px;">“Digital Sovereignty” is an increasingly important concept for understanding how States exercise political and economic control over digital infrastructures and technologies. Since the introduction of the Internet in 1994, Chinese academic and political discourse has formulated notions of cyber, information, and...")

21:3421:34, 8 October 2026 Data Portability (USA) (hist | edit) [20,204 bytes] Kayembe Rodrigue (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)
15:5815:58, 8 October 2026 Data:Brazil (hist | edit) [20,094 bytes] Paul Stein (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''''' '''''' == '''Structure and Effectiveness of Brazilian Data Portability Regulation''' == <p class="p1">Brazilian data portability rests on distinct instruments. The [https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicaocompilado.html Constitution, article 5(LXXIX)], protects personal data; the General Data Protection Law (LGPD), article 18(V), establishes a request-based right to data portability. Financial data sharing is governed by CMN/BCB Joint Resol...")

13:0013:00, 7 October 2026 Two and Multi-Sided Markets Robert (hist | edit) [3,715 bytes] Robert Florijn (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= '''Two-Sided and Multi-Sided Markets: How Platforms Govern Exchange''' = #''' What does the concept mean?''' <p>A '''two-sided market''' connects two distinct groups through an intermediary, with participation or decisions on one side affecting outcomes or value on the other. Each group provides the other with network benefits, making the platform more valuable as participation grows (Katz & Shapiro, 1985). <span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; paddin...") originally created as "Two- en Multi-Sided Markets Robert"

22:2922:29, 6 October 2026 Economies of Scale (Jihae) (hist | edit) [3,692 bytes] Park Jihae (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== '''Economies of Scale''' == thumb|300px === '''Definition''' === <p>'''Economies of scale''' take place when the cost of producing a product reduces as production volume increases. Simply put, it is referring to the cost advantages a business gains when it increases production. By spreading both fixed and variable costs over more units, it will help decreasing the average cost per unit. There are two types of economies of scale, '''inter...")
22:2322:23, 6 October 2026 Data:India (hist | edit) [21,217 bytes] Latorre Tallard Pablo (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Data Portability Right = <p style="text-align: justify;" >Data portability rights entitle individuals to legally transfer their data from one data holder to another in a structured, organized, and machine-readable format on a continuous basis. Commonly, data portability rights apply only to data that is digital and personal, and that is processed with consent or in the context of a contract performance (1). Additionally, data portability rights differentiate themselves...")
20:2720:27, 6 October 2026 Economies of Scope (Mariona) (hist | edit) [7,927 bytes] Fortuny Jané Mariona (talk | contribs) (Created page with "In economics, the term "economies of scope" refers to a model/theory that defends that the ATC (Average Total Cost) of a company can decrease through broadening its production/services by diversifying its products. This model says that a company is considered within the 'economy of scope' concept when this one expands its productions from one successful product to more than one(that is usually related to the original. Through this action, the company is able to take adva...")

12:5912:59, 5 October 2026 Market tipping - Rodrigue (hist | edit) [3,688 bytes] Kayembe Rodrigue (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)
11:5511:55, 5 October 2026 Data as an input to market power (hist | edit) [3,802 bytes] Sergey Abramov (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>In the present digital economy, data has emerged as a valuable economic commodity that entities leverage to gain a competitive edge over their rivals. https://repository.nls.ac.in/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1478&context=nlsblr 1 '''Data''' is an input into production, so businesses that control data can have market power and impede the entry of potential competitors. '''Market power''' refers to a firm's ability to influence the price, output, or other market con...")

12:1012:10, 4 October 2026 Network Effects (Indirect) - Sebastián (hist | edit) [3,471 bytes] Müller Tapia Sebastián (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Work in progress")

13:1013:10, 2 October 2026 Excludability and rivalrousness (hist | edit) [1,898 bytes] Fortuny Jané Mariona (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>The terms excludability and rivalrousness both refer to consumption characteristics that can be assigned to- or identified in goods. </p><p>Excludability: Goods to which economic actors can technically or legally restrict access are considered to have ‘high excludability’. Conversely, goods to which access cannot be restricted are of ‘low excludability’, or, in absolute terms, ‘non-excludable’.</p><p>Rivalrousness: Rivalrousness on the other hand refe...")
13:0313:03, 2 October 2026 Network effects (direct) (hist | edit) [4 bytes] Fortuny Jané Mariona (talk | contribs) (Created page with "keko")

16:4316:43, 25 September 2026 Infrastructures:India (hist | edit) [19,457 bytes] Müller Tapia Sebastián (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Historical context == <p>In light of decolonization and liberalization of the economy around the 1980s, India experienced a new wave of innovation and global economic relevance owing to their educated workforce (1). India has remained an enthusiastic participant in the global market and international political space, following the same trend as other economic powers that once promoted open trade relations, switching towards national interests - settling on a theme of...")

09:4609:46, 24 September 2026 Civilian AI at the Front - Robert Florijn (hist | edit) [358 bytes] Robert Florijn (talk | contribs) (Created contribution page and linked uploaded PDF)

14:1414:14, 23 September 2026 Governance by markets (hist | edit) [31,173 bytes] Paul Stein (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Glossary = == Excludability and rivalrousness (Paul) ==")
09:0309:03, 23 September 2026 Predicitive Policing - Europol (Atmika) (hist | edit) [3,600 bytes] Kayembe Rodrigue (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<h1 class="mwt-heading" data-mwt-headingspacesbefore=" " data-mwt-headingspacesafter=" " data-mwt-headingnewlines="0"> </h1> <h2 class="mwt-heading" data-mwt-headingspacesbefore=" " data-mwt-headingspacesafter=" " data-mwt-headingnewlines="1">1. European Police Office (Europol)(1)</h2> <ul> <li class="mwt-list" data-mwt-sameline="false" data-mwt-spaces="">Europol was established in 1998 through the Europol Convention and is currently regulated by the consolidated Europo...")

23:1823:18, 22 September 2026 Quantum Computing made in Barcelona: Qilimanjaro - by Mariona Fortuny Jané (hist | edit) [14,017 bytes] Fortuny Jané Mariona (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-K9a4Re-nKQ6qf ndfHFb-c4YZDc-TvD9Pc-qnnXGd" role="main"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-oKVyEf"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-fmcmS-haAclf"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-fmcmS-s2gQvd ndfHFb-c4YZDc-s2gQvd"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-fmcmS"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-fmcmS-vJ7A6b ndfHFb-c4YZDc-TvD9Pc-qnnXGd"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-fmcmS-b0t70b ndfHFb-c4YZDc-neVct-RCfa3e"><div class="ndfHFb-c4YZDc-fmcmS-bN97Pc" dir="ltr" role="document" aria-label="S'està mostr...")
22:4322:43, 22 September 2026 Representative Search Engine and AI Company in China, Baidu - By Jihae Park (hist | edit) [4,686 bytes] Park Jihae (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== 1. The source of authority and its governing instrument == Baidu is a Chinese multinational technology company and is known for being the representative search engine in Chinese market. It incorporates a wide range of internet services ranging from Baidu Wiki(equivalent to Wikipedia) to Baidu App (A flagship app for Baidu Search). For Baidu App, it had 679 million in December 2025, ensuring its place as the dominant search-plus-feed app in Chinese market.[https...")
22:2922:29, 22 September 2026 Entry/Exit System (EES) - Rodrigue Kayembe (hist | edit) [8,000 bytes] Kayembe Rodrigue (talk | contribs) (Entry/Exit System (EES) - Rodrigue Kayembe) originally created as "Entry/Exit System (EES)"
22:1822:18, 22 September 2026 Cloud service (Ceren) (hist | edit) [4,444 bytes] Isiklar Ceren (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>A cloud service that is being utilized by EU customers, for example Microsoft, would be governed by the below institutions, this list not being exhaustive.</p> #''' '''The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity''' ''''''ENISA '''(public) *'''Source of authority and Governing instrument:''' Regulation (EU) 2019/881 on the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity and on information and communications technology cybersecurity certification (Cybersecurity Act) (CSA) [htt...")
22:0022:00, 22 September 2026 Revolut Regulation (hist | edit) [4,309 bytes] Juliette Chamot (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= '''1/ Bank of Lithuania''' = <br>The Bank of Lithuania draws its authority from Lithuanian banking law, itself derived from EU directives. Revolut applied for a banking licence in November 2017, and this authority granted Revolut Bank UAB a specialised licence in 2021 — one that, thanks to EU passporting rules, lets Revolut operate across the entire EEA from its Lithuanian base. In exercising this role, the Bank of Lithuania aims to safeguard prudential stability and...")
21:5021:50, 22 September 2026 Social-Media Governance in the EU - by Sergey Abramov (hist | edit) [5,492 bytes] Sergey Abramov (talk | contribs) (Created page with "====== Social-Media Governance in the EU ====== <p>Social-media platforms in the European Union are governed through overlapping public and private institutions. Four institutions illustrate the resulting distribution of authority and its limitations.</p><p>'''The European Commission''', a public institution, derives its supervisory authority from the Digital Services Act (DSA) article 56(2)-(3). Its governing instruments include binding enforcement decisions and fines u...")
21:0921:09, 22 September 2026 App Store Governance - Google Play (Paul) (hist | edit) [3,728 bytes] Paul Stein (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>The governance of Google Play involves a system of institutions that determine the conditions under which applications can be published, accessed, and distributed. The institutions involved can be classified differently depending on the conceptualization of institutions adopted. This case study follows [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglass_North Douglass North]'s conception of institutions as the “rules of the game”, focusing on the rules and constraints governi...")
20:3620:36, 22 September 2026 Artificial General Intelligence - By Sebastián Muller (hist | edit) [4,377 bytes] Müller Tapia Sebastián (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)</p> <p>For the purpose of this assignment, I will resort to Black’s “decentred” understanding of regulation, recognizing that it may originate from governments as well as social actors. Therefore, my chosen institutions are the following:</p> 1) US executive branch (government): its authority stems from the President's constitutional power to supervise and direct the executive branch. The main regulatory instruments used...")
19:3619:36, 22 September 2026 Submarine Internet Cables - By Pablo Latorre (hist | edit) [5,725 bytes] Latorre Tallard Pablo (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p style="text-align: justify;" >'''Overview'''''''''</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >Submarine cables are the tangible but invisible backbone of the Internet, carrying the 99% of the world’s intercontinental traffic (1). However, its institutional governance is fragmented and combines international law, national law, industry self-regulation, and multi-stakeholder coordination. The following four institutions illustrate such regime:</p> <p style="text-align: just...")

21:4221:42, 21 September 2026 Decentralized digital currency: BITCOIN (Sisi) (hist | edit) [5,850 bytes] Hammoudi Sisi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= '''I. Source of Authority and Governing Instrument''' = <p>Bitcoin is a crypto-asset in the form of a digital token which is exchanged electronically, rather than physically. The most notable characteristic of bitcoin is that is not issued by a central public authority,[1] it is a decentralized cryptocurrency. “Decentralized” means that there is not a single source of authority, neither a single person, or corporation oversee bitcoin.[2] Bitcoin is a system o...")
21:1721:17, 21 September 2026 Antropic's Fable 5.1 (Kate Davey) (hist | edit) [5,324 bytes] Davey Kate (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>Kate Davey <br>September 21, 2026<br>A Patchwork of Governance: Anthropic’s Fable 5.1 <br>Word count: 491</p> <br>'''1. AI Model: Claude Fable 5.1: Anthropic board: non-state '''<p>Source of authority: Anthropic creates its own authority as a Delaware-based corporation and through creating the infrastructure of Claude including its own safeguards.</p> Governing instrument: Anthropic governs itself with its own board and Responsibility Scaling Policy (RSP). It...")

21:4421:44, 20 September 2026 Information Control and Workplace Surveillance - Jihae Park and Mariona Fortuny (hist | edit) [10,611 bytes] Park Jihae (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Information Control and Workplace Surveillance - by Jihae Park and Mariona Fortuny Jané == ==== <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >The Current Governance Issue</span> ==== <span style="font-size: 10pt;" >There are numerous current governance problems arising from technological innovations, yet here we will specifically focus on the information control and workplace surveillance. Whether intended or unintended, there were certain historical incidents which resulted in s...")
21:4121:41, 20 September 2026 Jihae and Mariona (hist | edit) [10,611 bytes] Park Jihae (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Information Control and Workplace Surveillance - by Jihae Park and Mariona Fortuny Jané == ==== <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >The Current Governance Issue</span> ==== <span style="font-size: 10pt;" >There are numerous current governance problems arising from technological innovations, yet here we will specifically focus on the information control and workplace surveillance. Whether intended or unintended, there were certain historical incidents which resulted in s...")

20:4920:49, 13 September 2026 Centralization of AI compute and Data - by Sergey Abramov and Paul Stein (hist | edit) [12,929 bytes] Sergey Abramov (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> ====== <span style="font-size: 12pt;" >The current governance issue</span> ====== </div><p>Advanced AI currently depends on a narrow group of tech giants<sup>1</sup> and semiconductor oligopolies controlling microchips and software, hyperscale cloud infrastructure, large datasets, frontier models, and distribution platforms. This presents a governance problem where this narrow group exercises control over foundational digital infrastr...")

18:0518:05, 12 September 2026 Assignment 1 (hist | edit) [22,634 bytes] Sergey Abramov (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<p>The article “The Future is for Everyone” review by Sergey Abramov (assignment 1)</p> <br>")

12:5812:58, 11 September 2026 Wiki cheat sheet (hist | edit) [565 bytes] Bodo (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Dear students, here are some tips and trich for using this wiki.")

12:2212:22, 9 September 2026 Social-media platform (hist | edit) [111 bytes] Qr2qs9 (talk | contribs) (Created page with "jdsfhlkshf skjsd hfkjdshf kjds hfkjs fkjdsh")
12:2112:21, 9 September 2026 Governance by institutions (hist | edit) [1,321 bytes] Qr2qs9 (talk | contribs) (Created page with " *<span style="font-weight: normal;" >social-media platform</span> *<span style="font-weight: normal;" >cloud service</span> *<span style="font-weight: normal;" > app store</span> *<span style="font-weight: normal;" >digital identity system</span> *<span style="font-weight: normal;" >online-payment system</span> *<span style="font-weight: normal;" >AI model</span> *<span style="font-weight: normal;" >public algorithmic system.</span>")

23:1123:11, 8 September 2026 Algorithmic management and workplace surveillance - by Sebastián Muller and Kate Davey''' ''' (hist | edit) [8,024 bytes] Müller Tapia Sebastián (talk | contribs) (Created page with "=== 1. The current issue. === <br><p>Algorithmic management and workplace surveillance can be defined as the use of computer-programmed procedures to coordinate labor input in an organization ([https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities/employment/algorithmic-management-and-digital-monitoring-work_en 1]). Simply put, it is a way to control workers, and workers generally have no say in how the system that tracks them is created. As Winner says "diffe...")
19:1719:17, 8 September 2026 Workplace surveillance (hist | edit) [28 bytes] Kayembe Rodrigue (talk | contribs) (Test)
17:0517:05, 8 September 2026 Centralisation AI Compute and Data Sources (hist | edit) [11,456 bytes] Hammoudi Sisi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Governance Issue == Today, several path-dependence phenomena are emerging across advanced computing technologies. This assignment addresses one of them: the centralisation of AI compute and data. Training and running frontier AI systems now depends on a handful of hyperscale providers, namely Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and Nvidia, which dominates the GPU market. In other words, near-monopolies exist throughout the supply chain. This concentration creates a governance...")
16:5316:53, 8 September 2026 Centralization of Compute and Data (hist | edit) [11,251 bytes] Paul Stein (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<div>'''1.The current governance issue: Describe the present governance problem in a concise paragraph. State who is affected and why it matters legally or institutionally.'''</div><div><br></div><div>Advanced AI currently depends on a narrow group of tech giants<ref>Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, and Oracle collectively hold an estimated 71% of the world’s cumulative AI compute as of Q4 2025, measured in H100-equivalents of computing power.</div><div><br></div...")
16:4416:44, 8 September 2026 Governance by history (hist | edit) [56,464 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Work ==")

19:1619:16, 7 September 2026 Platform Dependence in Public Communication (News) - Ceren Isiklar & Rodrigue Kayembe (hist | edit) [10,965 bytes] Kayembe Rodrigue (talk | contribs) (News outlets dependency) originally created as "Platform dependence in public communication"

12:1712:17, 2 September 2026 New page (hist | edit) [37 bytes] Qr2qs9 (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Hello this the title of a new page/.b")

15:5115:51, 26 August 2026 Governance by automation (hist | edit) [0 bytes] Hans de Zwart (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)
15:5115:51, 26 August 2026 Governance of/by openness (hist | edit) [0 bytes] Hans de Zwart (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)

15:3315:33, 12 August 2026 Artificial Intelligence: Gen-AI (hist | edit) [142 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= <span dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Power: App Stores</span></span> = == <span dir="ltr" lang="en">1. </span> ==")
15:3315:33, 12 August 2026 Power: App Stores (hist | edit) [94 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= <span dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Power: App Stores</span></span> =")
15:3215:32, 12 August 2026 Content: Shadow Banning (hist | edit) [147 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= <span dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Data: Data Portability</span></span> = == <span dir="ltr" lang="en">1. </span> ==")
15:3115:31, 12 August 2026 Data: Data Portability (hist | edit) [1,910 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= <span dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Data: Data Portability</span></span> = == <span dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1.</span></span> ==")
15:3015:30, 12 August 2026 Infrastructures: Digital Sovereignty (hist | edit) [40,183 bytes] Plixavra (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Infrastructures: Digital Sovereignty = == 1. ==")
13:2313:23, 12 August 2026 Governance mechanisms (hist | edit) [489 bytes] Qr2qs9 (talk | contribs) (Created page with "#governance by history #governance by corporate form #governance by institutions #governance of sovereignty #governance by markets #governance by protocols #governance by narratives #governance by decision #governance of/by openness #governance by infrastructures #governance by automation #governance by decentralisation #governance by agents #governance by labor")

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